Authors

• Patrick Adams
  
• Phillippe Aghion
  Professor of Economics, Oxford University, England
• Vicki E. Alger
  Research Fellow, The Independent Institute
• Norma Jean Almodovar
  Director, C.O.Y.O.T.E. Los Angeles
• Lee J. Alston
  
• James E. Alvey
  Professor of Economics, Massey University, New Zealand
• Ryan C. Amacher
  Professor of Economics, University of Texas, Arlington
• Karen LaFollette Araujo
  President, Hemispheric Studies Institute
• Dominick T. Armentano
  Professor Emeritus of Economics, University of Hartford
• June Akinyi Arunga
  
• Stefano Athanasoulis
  Professor of Economics, Yale University
• Raymond A. Atkins
  Associate, Covington & Burling
• Kenneth L. Avio
  Professor of Economics, University of Victoria, Canada
• George B. N. Ayittey
  Distinguished Economist in Residence in the Department of Economics at American University.
• Thompson Ayodele
  Executive Director, Initiative for Public Policy Analysis, Nigeria.
• Jurgen G. Backhaus
  Krupp Chair in Public Finance and Fiscal Sociology, Erfurt University, Germany
• Carl L. Bankston III
  
• Andy H. Barnett
  Professor of Economics, Auburn University
• Benjamin H. Barton
  Associate Professor of Law, University of Tennessee
• William J. Baumol
  Professor of Economics and Director, C.V. Starr Center for Applied Economics, New York University; Senior Research Economist and Professor of Economics, Emeritus, Princeton University
• Jonathan Bean
  Professor of History, Southern Illinois University
• William Beaver
  
• Wilfred Beckerman
  Professor of Economics, Oxford University, England
• David Beckworth
  Assistant Professor of Economics at Western Kentucky University
• David T. Beito
  Professor of History, University of Alabama
• Bruce L. Benson
  DeVoe Moore Distinguished Research Professor of Economics, Florida State University
• Erwin A. Blackstone
  Professor of Economics at Temple University
• Roger D. Blair
  Professor of Economics, University of Florida
• Martin R. Bodenstein
  Professor of Economics, Northwestern University
• Peter J. Boettke
  University Professor of Economics and Philosophy, George Mason University
• Thomas E. Borcherding
  Professor of Economics, Claremont Graduate School
• Patricia H. Born
  Associate Professor in the College of Business at Florida State University
• Karol C. Boudreaux
  
• Donald J. Boudreaux
  Chairman and Professor, Department of Economics, George Mason University
• Scott A. Boykin
  
• Robert L. Bradley Jr.
  
• Samuel Jan Brakel
  Professor of Law and Director of Research at the Health Law Institute at DePaul University in Chicago
• Stephen N. Bretsen
  William Volkman Chair of Business and Law, Wheaton College
• Jason Briggeman
  
• Matthew E. Brown
  Ph.D. candidate in economics at Florida State University
• Edgar K. Browning
  Professor of Economics, Texas A&M University
• James M. Buchanan
  Nobel Laureate in Economic Science; Emeritus University Professor, Center for the Study of Public Choice, George Mason University
• William N. Butos
  
• Daniel Córdova
  
• Laurie L. Calhoun
  Research Fellow at the Independent Institute and Advisory Editor of Transition: An International Review.
• Bryan Caplan
  Associate Professor of Economics, George Mason University
• Allan C. Carlson
  President, Howard Center for Family, Religion and Society
• Ted Galen Carpenter
  Vice President for Defense and Foreign Policy Studies, Cato Institute
• Paul G. Cassell
  Professor of Law, University of Utah
• Paul A. Cleveland
  
• Carl P. Close
  Research Fellow and Academic Affairs Director, The Independent Institute
• John H. Cochrane
  Sigmund E. Edelstone Professor of Finance, University of Chicago
• G. Marcus Cole
  William Benjamin Scott and Luna M. Scott Professor of Law, Stanford University
• Enrico Colombatto
  Professor of Economics at the University of Turin and Director of the International Centre for Economic Research in Turin, Italy
• G. Robert A. Conquest
  
• Robert D. Cooter
  Herman F. Selvin Professor of Law, University of California, Berkeley
• Lois J. Copeland
  Physician and Author
• Adriana S. Cordis
  Professor of Economics, Clemson University
• Janis Cortese
  Director of MarComm, Continuous Computing Corporation
• Jim F. Couch
  Professor of Economics, University of Alabama
• Tyler Cowen
  General Director of the Mercatus Center and the James M. Buchanan Center for Political Economy at George Mason University
• Christopher J. Coyne
  F.A. Harper Professor of Economics at George Mason University.
• Eric Crampton
  Senior Lecturer in Economics at the University of Canterbury
• Robert W. Crandall
  Senior Fellow, Economic Studies, Brookings Institution
• Kirby R. Cundiff
  Professor of Finance, Northeastern State University
• Nicholas A. Curott
  Visiting Lecturer of Economics and Finance, University of South Alabama
• Christopher Curran
  Professor of Economics, Emory University
• John F. Curran
  Professor of Economics, Emory University
• Casimir Dadak
  
• Xavier de Vanssay
  Professor of Economics, University of York, Canada
• Aschwin de Wolf
  
• Robert T. Deacon
  Professor of Economics, University of California, Santa Barbara
• Stephen DeCanio
  Professor of Economics, University of California, Santa Barbara
• Gus diZerega
  Professor of Government, St. Lawrence University
• Roger Donway
  
• James A. Dorn
  
• Kevin Dowd
  Professor of Financial Risk Management, University of Nottingham, England
• Donald A. Downs
  Professor of Political Science, Law and Journalism, University of Wisconsin
• Steven J. Eagle
  Professor of Law, George Mason University
• Barbara Ehrenreich
  
• Ivan Eland
  Senior Fellow and Director, Center on Peace & Liberty, The Independent Institute
• Jean Bethke Elshtain
  Laura Spelman Rockefeller Professor of Ethics, University of Chicago Divinity School
• James W. Ely Jr.
  
• Stanley L. Engerman
  
• Deirdre English
  
• Richard A. Epstein
  Laurence A. Tisch Professor of Law, New York University
• Fredrik Erixon
  
• John B. Estill
  Lecturer in the Department of Economics at San Jose State University
• Williamson M. Evers
  Research Fellow, Hoover Institution, Stanford University
• Hugo J. Faria
  Professor of Economics and Finance at the Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Administracion in Caracas, Venezuela
• Roger D. Feldman
  Professor, Center for Health Services Research, University of Minnesota
• Darren Filson
  Professor of Economics, Claremont Graduate University
• Chester E. Finn Jr.
  President, Thomas B. Fordham Foundation
• Price V. Fishback
  
• H. E. Frech
  Professor of Economics, University of California, Santa Barbara
• David D. Friedman
  Professor of Law, Santa Clara University
• Peter Galbraith
  
• Lowell E. Gallaway
  Edwin and Ruth Kennedy Distinguished Professor of Economics, Ohio University
• B. Delworth Gardner
  Emeritus Professor of Economics, Brigham Young University
• Roger W. Garrison
  
• Dmitriy Gershenson
  Professor of Economics, Brown University
• Faith Gibson
  Director, California College of Midwives
• Bogdan Glăvan
  
• Nathan Glazer
  University Professor of Education and Sociology Emeritus, Harvard University
• Stewart Goetz
  
• Charles A. E. Goodhart
  Norman Sosnow Professor Banking and Finance and Programme Director of Regulation & Financial Stability in the Financial Markets Group in the Department of Economics at the London School of Economics
• John C. Goodman
  President and Kellye Wright Fellow in Health Care, National Center for Policy Analysis
• Peter Gordon
  Professor of Policy, Planning and Development, University of Southern California
• Martin F. Grace
  James S. Kemper Professor of Risk Management, Georgia State University
• Anthony Gregory
  Research Editor, The Independent Institute
• Herschel I. Grossman
  Merton P. Stoltz Professor in the Social Sciences, Brown University
• David Haarmeyer
  
• Leon T. Hadar
  Specialist in foreign policy, international trade, the Middle East, and South and East Asia
• Jahn K. Hakes
  Assistant Professor of Economics, Albion College
• Simon Hakim
  Professor of Economics and Director of the Center for Competitive Government at Temple University
• Stephen P. Halbrook
  Research Fellow, The Independent Institute
• Joshua C. Hall
  Assistant Professor of Economics at Beloit College
• Lauren K. Hall
  
• Ronald Hamowy
  Emeritus Professor of History, University of Alberta, Canada
• Philipp W. Harms
  Professor of Economics, University of Konstanz
• Brandon Harnish
  
• Oliver D. Hart
  Professor of Economics, Harvard University
• Jeffrey E. Haymond
  Vice Commander, Space Development and Test Wing, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico
• Eric A. Helland
  Professor of Economics, Claremont McKenna College
• Robert B. Helms
  Resident Scholar and Director of Health Policy Studies, American Enterprise Institute
• Magnus Henrekson
  
• Robert Higgs
  Senior Fellow in Political Economy. Editor, The Independent Review.
• Peter J. Hill
  George F. Bennett Professor Emeritus of Business and Economics, Wheaton College
• Max Hocutt
  
• Randall G. Holcombe
  DeVoe Moore Professor of Economics, Florida State University
• Jeffrey Rogers Hummel
  Associate Professor of Economics, San Jose State University
• David A. Hyman
  Professor of Law, University of Maryland
• David Isenberg
  Research Fellow at the Independent Institute
• Dan Johansson
  Vice President, The Ratio Institute
• Joseph P. Kalt
  Ford Foundation Professor, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University
• Wendy Kaminer
  Contributing Editor, The Atlantic Monthly; Member, Board of Directors, ACLU
• Marek M. Kaminski
  Professor of Politics, New York University
• Jonathan M. Karpoff
  Norman J. Metcalfe Professor of Finance, University of Washington
• Charles N. W. Keckler
  Visiting Assistant Professor of Law, Pennsylvania State University
• Lynne Kiesling
  Senior Lecturer in the Department of Economics and the Social Enterprise in the Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University
• Brett A. King
  Professor of Economics, University of North Alabama
• Lynn Kinsky
  Owner, Ranchita de Liberta; Co-founder, Reason
• Robert W. Klein
  Associate Professor and director at the Center for Risk Management and Insurance Research, Georgia State University
• Daniel B. Klein
  Professor of Economics at George Mason University; co-author of FDAReview.org
• Daniel Klerman
  Professor of Law, University of Southern California
• Barbara Klimaszewski-Blettner
  
• Helen J. Knowles
  
• Laurence J. Kotlikoff
  
• Michael I. Krauss
  Professor of Law, George Mason University
• Michael Kremer
  Senior Fellow, Economic Studies, Brookings Institution
• Chandran Kukathas
  Chair in Political Theory in the Department of Government at the London School of Economics and Political Science
• Allan Kulikoff
  Professor of History, Northern Illinois University
• Edward J. López
  Associate Professor of Law and Economics, San Jose State University
• Deepak K. Lal
  James S. Coleman Professor of International Development Studies, University of California at Los Angeles
• Steven E. Landsburg
  Professor of Economics, University of Rochester
• Robert A. Lawson
  Jerome M. Fullinwider Chair in Economic Freedom, Southern Methodist University
• Peter T. Leeson
  BB&T Professor for the Study of Capitalism, George Mason University
• Eli Lehrer
  President, R Street Institute
• Ronald T. Libby
  
• Gary D. Libecap
  Donald Bren Distinguished Professor, Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara
• Frank R. Lichtenberg
  Professor, Graduate School of Business, Columbia University
• Stan J. Liebowitz
  Ashbel Smith Professor of Economics and Director of the Center for the Analysis of Property Rights and Innovation, University of Texas, Dallas
• Loren E. Lomasky
  
• James R. Lothian
  Distinguished Professor of Finance, Fordham University
• Jessica C. Ludescher
  
• Ian S. Lustick
  Bess W. Heyman Chair of Political Science and Director of Graduate Studies in the Political Science Department at the University of Pennsylvania
• Tibor R. Machan
  Professor of Philosophy, Chapman University
• Rubiná Mahsud
  
• Keith D. Malone
  
• G. P. Manish
  
• Stephen E. Margolis
  Head, Department of Economics, North Carolina State University
• David N. Mayer
  Professor of Law, Capital University
• Thomas Mayor
  
• Deirdre N. McCloskey
  Distinguished Professor of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago
• Paul W. McCracken
  Edmund Ezra Day Distinguished University Professor Emeritus of Business Administration, Economics, and Public Policy, University of Michigan; former Chairman, President's Council of Economic Advisors
• Wendy McElroy
  Research Fellow, The Independent Institute
• Vern P. McKinley
  Research Fellow, The Independent Institute
• Roger E. Meiners
  Professor of Economics, University of Texas, Arlington
• John D. Merrifield
  Professor of Economics, University of Texas, San Antonio
• Peter P. Metrinko
  Former attorney advisor to a Commissioner at the Federal Trade Commission
• Jeffrey A. Miron
  Professor of Economics, Harvard University
• Carlos Alberto Montaner
  Member of the Board of Advisors for the Center on Global Prosperity at the Independent Institute and President of Firmas Press.
• Mike Moore
  Research Fellow, The Independent Institute
• Adrian T. Moore
  Executive Director, Reason Public Policy Institute
• Andrew P. Morriss
  D. Paul Jones, Jr. & Charlene Angelich Jones Chairholder of Law, University of Alabama
• Jennifer Roback Morse
  
• Michael C. Munger
  Professor of Political Science at Duke University and North American Editor of Public Choice
• Robert H. Nelson
  Professor of Environmental Policy, School of Public Policy, University of Maryland
• Craig M. Newmark
  Professor of Economics, North Carolina State University
• Armand M. Nicholi II
  
• Rosalie Nichols
  
• Joel J. Nobel
  
• Martha Nussbaum
  Ernst Freund Distinguished Service Professor of Law and Ethics, University of Chicago
• Randal O'Toole
  Senior Fellow, Thoreau Institute and Cato Institute
• Mancur L. Olson, Jr.
  Professor of Economics and Founder, IRIS Center, University of Maryland
• Karl-Dieter Opp
  
• Tomás Otáhal
  
• James R. Otteson
  Professor of Philosophy and Economics, Yeshiva University
• Camille Paglia
  Professor of Humanities, University of the Arts
• Ernest C. Pasour Jr.
  Professor Emeritus of Agricultural and Resource Economics, North Carolina State University
• Ellen Frankel Paul
  Deputy Director, Social Philosophy and Policy Center, Bowling Green State Unversity
• Mark V. Pauly
  Bendheim Professor; Professor of Health Care Management, and Professor of Business and Public Policy; Wharton School; University of Pennsylvania
• James L. Payne
  Research Fellow at the Independent Institute and Director of Lytton Research and Analysis
• Charles V. Peña
  Senior Fellow, The Independent Institute
• Jeffrey J. Pompe
  Nellie Cooke Sparrow Professor of Business, Professor of Economics, and Francis Marion University Trustee Research Scholar, Francis Marion University
• Tomás Pospísil
  
• David G. Post
  Professor of Law, Temple University
• Benjamin Powell
  Senior Fellow, The Independent Institute; Associate Professor of Economics, Suffolk University
• Lawrence S. Powell
  Whitbeck-Beyer Chair of Insurance and Financial Services and Assistant Professor of Health Services Research at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock
• Sharon Presley
  Executive Director, Resources for Independent Thinking; Founder, Association of Libertarian Feminists
• Linda C. Raeder
  
• Ralph Raico
  Professor Emeritus of History, State University of New York, Buffalo
• William Ratliff
  Research Fellow and Curator of the Americas Collection at the Hoover Institution
• John Rees
  Professor of Geography, University of North Carolina, Greensboro
• Mimi Reisel
  Professor of English, University of Texas
• Binyam Reja
  Professor of Economics, University of California, Irvine
• Nicholas Rescher
  University Professor of Philosophy, University of Pittsburgh
• Alan Reynolds
  Senior Fellow, Cato Institute
• Morgan O. Reynolds
  Professor of Economics, Texas A & M University
• James R. Rinehart
  Professor Emeritus of Economics, Francis Marion University
• Paul Craig Roberts
  Chairman, Institute of Political Economy; Former Assistant Secretary for Economic Policy, U.S. Department of the Treasury
• Dalibor Roháč
  
• Roberta Romano
  Professor of Law, Yale University
• Jean-Jacques Rosa
  Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris, France
• Richard N. Rosenfeld
  
• Charles K. Rowley
  
• Randal R. Rucker
  Professor of Agricultural Economics and Economics, Montana State University
• Bruce M. Russett
  Dean Acheson Professor of International and Area Studies, Yale University; Editor, Journal of Conflict Resolution
• Andrew R. Rutten
  Lecturer in the Department of Political Science, Stanford University
• Matt E. Ryan
  Assistant Professor of Economics, Duquesne University
• David O. Sacks
  Former Vice President, Product Strategy, PayPal, Inc.
• Pascal Salin
  Professor of Economics, Université Paris-Dauphine
• Tino Sanandaji
  
• Renuka Sane
  Ph.D. candidate in economics, University of New South Wales, Australia
• Frederic E. Sautet
  Senior Research Fellow, Mercatus Center, George Mason University
• Lynn Scarlett
  President and Chief Executive Officer, Reason Foundation
• David J. Schmidtz
  Professor of Economics, University of Arizona
• Joan T. Schmit
  American Family Insurance Chair in Risk Management and Insurance, University of Wisconsin, Madison
• Anna J. Schwartz
  
• George Selgin
  Professor of Economics at the University of Georgia
• Sungno Niggol Seo
  
• Parth J. Shah
  President, Centre for Civil Society, New Delhi, India
• Dan C. Shahar
  
• Ira Sharkansky
  
• Robert J. Shiller
  Stanley B. Resor Professor of Economics, Yale University
• Stephen Shmanske
  Professor of Economics in the College of Business and Economics at California State University, East Bay.
• William F. Shughart II
  J. Fish Smith Professor in Public Choice, Utah State University
• Charles Silver
  University Professor of Justice, Law and Society, American University
• Randy T. Simmons
  Professor of Economics, Utah State University
• Rita J. Simon
  Professor of Law, University of Texas
• Martin Simonetta
  
• S. Fred Singer
  Professor Emeritus of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia
• W. Gene Smiley
  
• Vernon L. Smith
  Member of the Board of Advisors, The Independent Institute; Nobel Laureate in Economic Science; Professor of Law and Director of the Economic Science Institute, Chapman University
• Ilya Somin
  Associate Professor, George Mason University School of Law
• John W. Sommer
  Knight Distinguished Professor of Geography, University of North Carolina
• Zane Spindler
  Professor of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa
• Samuel R. Staley
  Managing Director, DeVoe L. Moore Center, College of Social Sciences, Florida State University
• J. E. Stone
  Professor of Human Development and Learning, Eastern Tennessee State University
• Edward P. Stringham
  Lloyd V. Hackley Endowed Chair for Capitalism and Free Enterprise Studies at Fayetteville State University
• Joseph R. Stromberg
  Independent Historian
• Nadine Strossen
  Professor of Law, New York Law School; President, American Civil Liberties Union
• Richard L. Stroup
  Adjunct Professor of Economics, North Carolina State University; Professor of Economics, Montana State University
• Adam Summers
  Policy Analyst, Reason Foundation
• Shirley V. Svorny
  Professor of Economics, California State University, Northridge
• Thomas S. Szasz
  Professor of Psychiatry Emeritus, Health Science Center, State University of New York, Syracuse
• Alexander Tabarrok
  Research Director, The Independent Institute
• Slavisa Tasic
  
• David J. Theroux
  Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer, The Independent Institute
• Peter A. Thiel
  Founder, Former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, PayPal, Inc.
• Clifford F. Thies
  Eldon R. Lindsay Professor of Economics and Finance, Shenandoah University
• Charles W. Thomas
  Director, Private Corrections Project, Center for Studies in Criminology and Law, University of Florida
• Mark Thornton
  Senior Fellow, Ludwig von Mises Institute
• Richard H. Timberlake, Jr.
  Professor Emeritus of Economics, University of Georgia
• Robert D. Tollison
  BB&T Senior Fellow and Professor of Economics, Clemson University
• Aleksander Tomic
  Associate Professor of Economics and Director of Graduate Studies in Business, Wesleyan College
• William Tucker
  Author, The Excluded Americans: Homelessness and Housing Policies
• Gordon Tullock
  University Professor of Law and Economics and Distinguished Research Fellow, George Mason University
• Heinrich W. Ursprung
  Professor of Economics, University of Konstanz
• Frank van Dun
  Senior Lecturer in Law, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands
• Eric Van Wincoop
  Senior Economist, Federal Reserve Bank of New York
• Laurence M. Vance
  
• Alvaro Vargas Llosa
  Senior Fellow, Center on Global Prosperity
• Richard K. Vedder
  Edwin and Ruth Kennedy Distinguished Professor of Economics, Ohio University
• W. Kip Viscusi
  University Distinguished Professor in the Owen Graduate School of Management, Department of Economics, and Law School at Vanderbilt University.
• Eugene Volokh
  Professor of Law, University of California, Los Angeles
• Evgeny Vorotnikov
  
• Björn Wallace
  
• Allan M. Walstad
  
• Michael Ward
  Research Fellow at the Independent Institute, Chaplain of St. Peter's College at Oxford University
• Ashlie Warnick
  Visiting Assistant Professor of Law, George Mason University
• William J. Watkins Jr.
  Research Fellow, The Independent Institute
• Richard Weikart
  Professor of History at the California State University, Stanislaus
• William H. Wells
  Department of Accounting and Finance, Merrimack College
• Winslow T. Wheeler
  Director of the Straus Military Reform Project at the Center for Defense Information
• Lawrence H. White
  Professor of Economics, George Mason University
• Lawrence J. White
  Arthur E. Imperatore Professor of Economics, New York University
• Douglas Glen Whitman
  Associate Professor of Economics, California State University, Northridge
• Jonathan B. Wight
  
• Peter M. Williams
  Professor of Economics, University of North Alabama
• Ulrich Witt
  
• Thomas E. Woods, Jr.
  
• Bruce Yandle
  Alumni Professor of Economics, Clemson University
• Tomohide Yasuda
  
• Leland B. Yeager
  Ludwig von Mises Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Economics, Auburn University
• Ryan M. Yonk
  Assistant Professor of Political Science, Southern Utah University
• Cathy Young
  Author and Journalist
• José Maria J. Yulo
  Research Fellow at the Independent Institute and Lecturer in Philosophy and Western Civilization at the Academy of Art University

In Memoriam Authors

• Peter H. Aranson
  Professor of Economics, Emory University
• Martin Bronfenbrenner
  Professor of Economics, Emory University
• Yale Brozen
  Professor of Business Economics, Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago
• Arthur A. Ekirch, Jr.
  Late Professor of History, University at Albany
• Antony G. N. Flew
  Late Professor Emeritus of Philosophy, University of Reading, England
• Joseph Fuhrig
  Professor of Economics and Finance, Golden Gate University
• Irving Louis Horowitz
  
• M. Bruce Johnson
  Founding Research Director, The Independent Institute; Professor of Economics, University of California, Santa Barbara
• Don C. Lavoie
  David H. and Charles G. Koch Chair of Economics, Program on Social and Organizational Learning, George Mason University
• Merton H. Miller
  Nobel Laureate in Economic Science; Robert R. McCormick Distinguished Professor of Finance Emeritus, Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago
• William C. Mitchell
  Emeritus Professor of Political Science, University of Oregon
• William A. Niskanen
  Chairman Emeritus and Distinguished Senior Economist, Cato Institute; former Acting Chairman, President’s Council of Economics Advisers
• Carl A. Pescosolido, Jr.
  President, Sequoia Enterprises
• Murray N. Rothbard
  late S. J. Hall Distinguished Professor of Economics, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
• Bernard H. Siegan
  Distinguished Professor of Law at the University of San Diego
• Robert J. Staaf
  Professor of Law and Economics, Clemson University
• Joan Kennedy Taylor
  Author and Journalist
• John T. Wenders
  Professor of Economics, University of Idaho
• Edwin G. West
  Professor Emeritus of Economics, Carleton University, Canada
• Aaron B. Wildavsky
  Class of 1940 Professor of Political Science and Public Policy, University of California, Berkeley
• Marvin E. Wolfgang
  Director, Sellin Center for Studies in Criminology and Criminal Law, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania